3种方法对临床菌血症样本细菌DNA提取的比较

目的寻找一种简单、有效的提取临床菌血症样本细菌DNA的方法．方法分别用碱液加热裂解法、溶菌酶法和商品DNA提取液法提取细菌DNA,用临床常见病原菌特异性引物,进行PCR扩增．结果（1）商品DNA提取液法提取革兰阴性菌DNA,经PCR扩增后得到特异性目的片段,但未扩增出革兰阳性菌的特异性目的片段;（2）碱液加热裂解法、溶菌酶法提取革兰阴、阳性菌DNA,经PCR扩增后均得到特异性目的片段,但碱液加热裂解法比溶菌酶法能扩增到更低浓度的细菌DNA目的片段．结论碱液加热裂解法是3种方法中最简单有效的细菌DNA提取方法,适用于临床病原菌基因组DNA提取．     

阿苯达唑纳米微粉制备工艺研究

目的采用液相沉淀法制备阿苯达唑纳米微粉,分别考察pH值、温度、搅拌速度、超声时间等因素对阿苯达唑纳米微粉制备的影响,以获得最佳的制备工艺。方法以粒径、电位、形貌为指标,运用单因素试验及正交设计,考察pH、制备温度、搅拌速度、超声时间对微粉粒径的影响,并采用扫描电镜、透射电镜及马尔文粒径仪对阿苯达唑纳米微粉进行表征。结果优化工艺制备的阿苯达唑纳米微粉,其平均粒径为213nm,形貌呈不规则粒状,且分布均匀。结论采用液相沉淀法制备工艺可以得到粒径、形貌较好的阿苯达唑纳米微粉。     

氟斑牙的BEYONDTM冷光漂治疗体会

目的观察BEYONDTM冷光对氟斑牙的漂白效果。方法对30例患者480颗牙齿进行BEYONTM漂白治疗。其中,轻度9例,中度14例,重度7例。对照Vita比色板,观察记录其治疗前后的色阶变化评价其临床疗效。结果治疗后,各组程度的氟斑牙色阶值显著降低(P<0.05)。结论BEYONDTM冷光对氟斑牙有较好的漂白作用。     

蛇芪清毒颗粒提取液分离纯化工艺研究

目的:确定蛇芪清毒颗粒提取液分离纯化工艺。方法:通过醇沉法与高速离心-超滤联用技术法的对比实验,考查其黄芪甲苷保留率、总多糖保留率、固形物收率。结果:蛇芪清毒颗粒分离纯化工艺以高速离心-超滤法联用为较佳,选用转速18000r/min、相对分子量截留值20000的超滤膜。结论:该工艺分离纯化后的成品能降低服用量且保持原处方的有效性,适合于大生产中分离纯化。     

基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR法检测高危型HPV的效果观察

目的评估基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR法检测高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）效果。方法采用HC II试剂盒和基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR技术检测感染HPV16的50份样品和感染HPV18的50份样品,样品模板DNA分别按照1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、1∶8和1∶16倍比稀释,比较2种方法检测的敏感性和一致性。同时采用HC II试剂盒和基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR技术检测感染单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）和沙眼衣原体（CT）的20份样品及单一感染HPV16和HPV18的10份样品,评估基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR检测HPV的特异性。结果 HC II试剂盒和基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR对1∶1、1∶2稀释的HPV16和HPV18的检出率均为100%;HC II对1∶4稀释的HPV16和HPV18的检出率为36%和46%,但不能检出1∶8和1∶16稀释的HPV16和HPV18样品;基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR对1∶4、1∶8和1∶16稀释的HPV16检出率分别为100%、90%和32%,对1∶4、1∶8和1∶16稀释的HPV18样品检出率分别为100%、86%和40%。HC II试剂盒和基于PGMY09/11引物的PCR对HPV16检测的整体一致性为84.1%（Kappa值为0.674）,对HPV18检测的整体一致性为81.7%（Kappa值为0.598）。基于PGMY09/11为引物的PCR方法不能检测HSV和CT合并感染。结论基于PGMY09/11为引物的PCR方法检测出高危型HPV具有较高的敏感性和特异性,与市售HC II试剂盒检测结果具有较高一致性,可用于HPV感染诊断。     

Simulation of the θ′ Precipitation Process with Interfacial Anisotropy Effects in Al-Cu Alloys

The effects of anisotropic interfacial properties and heterogeneous elasticity on the growth and ripening of plate-like θ′-phase (Al₂Cu) in Al-1.69 at.% Cu alloy are studied. Multi-phase-field simulations are conducted and discussed in comparison with aging experiments. The precipitate/matrix interface is considered to be anisotropic in terms of its energy and mobility. We find that the additional incorporation of an anisotropic interfacial mobility in conjunction with the elastic anisotropy result in substantially larger aspect ratios of the precipitates closer to the experimental observations. The anisotropy of the interfacial energy shows comparably small effect on the precipitate’s aspect ratio but changes the interface’s shape at the rim. The effect of the chemo-mechanical coupling, i.e., the composition dependence of the elastic constants, is studied as well. We show that the inverse ripening phenomenon, recently evidenced for δ’ precipitates in Al-Li alloys (Park et al. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 3981), does not establish for the θ′ precipitates. This is because of the anisotropic stress fields built around the θ′ precipitates, stemming from the precipitate’s shape and the interaction among different variants of the θ′ precipitate, that disturb the chemo-mechanical effects. These results show that the chemo-mechanical effects on the precipitation ripening strongly depend on the degree of sphericity and elastic isotropy of the precipitate and matrix phases.     

Biomineralization of Plastic Waste to Improve the Strength of Plastic-Reinforced Cement Mortar

The development of methods to reuse large volumes of plastic waste is essential to curb the environmental impact of plastic pollution. Plastic-reinforced cementitious materials (PRCs), such as plastic-reinforced mortar (PRM), may be potential avenues to productively use large quantities of low-value plastic waste. However, poor bonding between the plastic and cement matrix reduces the strength of PRCs, limiting its viable applications. In this study, calcium carbonate biomineralization techniques were applied to coat plastic waste and improved the compressive strength of PRM. Two biomineralization treatments were examined: enzymatically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) and microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). MICP treatment of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resulted in PRMs with compressive strengths similar to that of plastic-free mortar and higher than the compressive strengths of PRMs with untreated or EICP-treated PET. Based on the results of this study, MICP was used to treat hard-to-recycle types 3–7 plastic waste. No plastics investigated in this study inhibited the MICP process. PRM samples with 5% MICP-treated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and mixed type 3–7 plastic had compressive strengths similar to plastic-free mortar. These results indicate that MICP treatment can improve PRM strength and that MICP-treated PRM shows promise as a method to reuse plastic waste.     

正交试验优选复方参芪软胶囊的醇沉工艺

优选复方参芪软胶囊的醇沉工艺。方法：采用正交试验设计,以药液中总多糖的含量和干膏得率为指标,考察浓缩液的相对密度、醇沉浓度、静置时间、醇沉温度对醇沉效果的影响。结果：最佳醇沉工艺为药液浓缩至相对密度1.10,加95％乙醇至含醇量为60％,室温下静置48h。结论：优选的复方参芪软胶囊醇沉工艺简便易行,适用于实际生产配制。     

清脉颗粒醇沉工艺的正交优选

目的：优选清脉颗粒的醇沉工艺。方法：选取药液相对密度,醇沉浓度及醇沉时间为考察因素,以干浸膏得率,薯蓣皂苷元苷含量为考察指标,采用正交试验优选醇沉工艺。结果：优选的醇沉工艺为药液浓缩至相对密度1.13 - 1.18 g·;ml-1,加乙醇至乙醇体积分数为60%,醇沉24 h。结论：优选的工艺稳定可行,为清脉颗粒的临床应用提供试验依据。     

中药醇沉前浓缩液质控指标的完善及标准建立——以党参醇沉为例

目的 完善中药醇沉前浓缩液质控指标,并建立浓缩液质量标准。方法 制备多批次党参浓缩液,研究密度与浓缩液其他性质间的关系。将党参炔苷保留率、与乙醇充分混合的浓缩液质量百分比以及单位质量浓缩液产生沉淀质量作为醇沉工艺评价指标,开展膜分散醇沉实验研究,筛选浓缩液关键性质并建立其与上述评价指标的定量模型。基于所建模型,采用预测误差传播的方法建立党参浓缩液的质量标准,并进行实验验证。结果 浓缩液密度与固含量之间具有良好的线性关系。相比密度,浓缩液黏度能更灵敏地体现出不同批次浓缩液的性质差异。筛选出浓缩液的黏度和固含量为浓缩液关键性质。建立的二阶多项式模型R²大于0.97。建立了不等式组作为浓缩液质量控制标准,实验验证结果表明,模型预测性能较好,建立的党参浓缩液的质量标准较为可靠。结论 建议增加黏度作为浓缩液品质的控制指标,并建立综合考虑密度和黏度的浓缩液质量标准,通过放行控制提高醇沉工艺效果及批次间一致性。